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What are refrigerants?
What is new in the Refrigerant Report?
Choosing the refrigerant
Thermodynamics
Pressure level
Operation below ambient pressure
Operation above critical pressure
Material compatibility
Thermal and chemical stability
Environmental impact
Dangers for users and technicians
Refrigerant selection tables
Complete table with filter function
Separate tables
R134a
R22
R404A
R410A
R23, R13
R123, R11
R124
R12
R502
Methods for comparison of refrigerants
Preselection with refrigerant tables
Comparison via refrigerant property data
Refrigeration process design
Operating conditions
Values evaluated
Example results
Comparison based on component data
What`s new on refrigerants?
Components for blends
New refrigerants for low temperature applications below -50°C
New blends for the substitution of R134a
Long-term available refrigerants
Regulations and other legal provisions
Status of the EU F-Gas Regulation
European Green Deal
Montreal Protocol Kigali Amendment
Proposal for regulation of PFAS and TFA
Emissions
Terms on emissions
Greenhouse gas balance CFP on a refrigerant compressor
Reports of the IPCC
Refrigerant Report 21
Information
Refrigerant developments and legal situation
Structural classification of refrigerants
HFC refrigerants
HFO and HFO/HFC blends
Halogen free (natural) refrigerants
Environmental aspects
Global Warming and TEWI Factor
Eco-Efficiency
Refrigerants
HCFC refrigerants
R22 as transitional refrigerant
Resulting design criteria
HFC refrigerants
R134a as substitute for R12 and R22
R134a has similar thermodynamic properties to R12
Lubricants for R134a
Resulting design and construction criteria
BITZER products for R134a
Converting existing R12 plants to R134a
Restrictions for R134a in mobile air conditioning (MAC) systems
Supplementary BITZER information concerning the use of R134a
Alternatives to R134a
R152a – an alternative to R134a (?)
"Low GWP" HFO refrigerant R1234yf
Refrigerant blends
BITZER products and experiences with refrigerant blends
General characteristics of zeotropic blends
Service blends
Service blends with the basic component R22* as substitutes for R502
Resulting design criteria / Converting existing R502 plants
Service blends as substitutes for R12 (R500)
Resulting design criteria / Converting existing R12 plants
Substitutes for R22 in refrigeration systems
R404A and R507A as substitutes for R22 and R502
Resulting design criteria
BITZER products for R404A and R507A
Supplementary BITZER information concerning the use of HFC blends
R407A/B/F/H as substitutes for R22 and R502
Resulting design criteria
Converting existing R22 plants to R407A/B/F/H
Conversion of existing R404A/R507A systems to R407A/B/F/H
BITZER products for R407A and R407F
R422A as substitute for R22 and R502
BITZER products for R422A
Substitutes for R22 in air conditioning systems and heat pumps
R407C as substitute for R22
Resulting design criteria
BITZER products for R407C
Converting existing R22 plants to R407C
R410A as substitute for R22
Resulting design criteria
BITZER products for R410A
R417A/417B/422D/438A as substitutes for R22
BITZER products for R417A/417B/422D/438A
R427A as a substitute for R22
BITZER products for R427A
Supplementary BITZER information concerning the use of HFC blends
R32 as substitute for R22
BITZER products for R32
"Low GWP" HFOs and HFO/HFC blends as alternatives to HFCs
Aspects on the development of HFO and HFO/HFC refrigerants
R134a alternatives
Substitutes for R404A/R507A and R410A
Further development projects with "Low GWP" refrigerants
BITZER experiences and products for HFOs and HFO/HFC blends
Further information on the application of HFOs and HFO/HFC blends
Halogen free (natural) refrigerants
NH
3
(Ammonia) as alternative refrigerant
Resulting design and construction criteria
BITZER
products for NH
3
Conversion of existing plants
Supplementary
BITZER
information concerning the application of NH
3
R723 (NH
3
/DME) as an alternative to NH
3
Resulting layout criteria
BITZER products for R723
R290 (Propane) as alternative refrigerant
Resulting design criteria
BITZER products for R290
Conversion of existing plants with R22 or HFC to R290
Supplementary BITZER information concerning the use of R290
Propylene (R1270) as an alternative to propane
Resulting design criteria
BITZER products for R1270
Supplementary BITZER information concerning the use of R1270
Carbon dioxide R744 (CO
2
) as an alternative refrigerant and secondary fluid
Subcritical CO
2
applications
Resulting design criteria
BITZER
products for subcritical CO
2
applications
Supplementary
BITZER
information concerning compressor selection for subcritical CO
2
systems
Transcritical CO
2
applications
Resulting design criteria
BITZER
products for transcritical CO
2
applications
Supplementary
BITZER
information concerning compressor selection for transcritical CO
2
systems
CO
2
in car air conditioning systems
Refrigerants for special applications
R124 and R142b as substitutes for R114 and R12B1
Resulting design criteria / Converting existing plants
BITZER products for R124 and R142b
Chlorine free substitutes for special applications
Alternatives for R114 and R12B1
BITZER products for ORC systems
Alternatives for R13B1
Alternatives for R13 and R503
BITZER products for substitutes for special applications
Refrigerant data
Lubricants for compressors
Supplementary BITZER information concerning lubricants
Overview lubricants
Application ranges
HFC refrigerants
"Low GWP" refrigerants
Halogen free refrigerants
Overview lubricants